Distillation Tower Guide

As a Methylal Distillation Plant, share with you.

The distillation tower is an indispensable item for distilling a liquid mixture to divide the mixture into its constituent parts or fractions according to the difference in volatility. Fractionator is used for small-scale laboratory distillation and large-scale industrial distillation.

Type of distillation tower

There are many types of distillation columns, each designed to perform a specific type of separation, and each design differs in complexity.

Batch column

In batch operation, the feed to the column is introduced in batches. That is, the column is charged with "batch material", and then the distillation process is carried out. When the required tasks are completed, the next batch of feed will be introduced.

Continuous column

In contrast, continuous columns process a continuous feed stream. Unless there is a problem with the chromatographic column or the surrounding processing unit, there will be no interruption. They can handle high throughput and are the most common of the two types. We will only focus on this type of column.

Distillation Tower

Types of continuous columns

Continuous columns can be further classified according to the following:

The nature of the feed they are processing

Binary column-the feed contains only two components

Multi-component column-the feed contains more than two components

The number of product streams they have

Multi-product column-this column has more than two product streams

Excess feed is used where it will leave during separation

Extractive distillation-excess feed appears in the bottom product stream

Azeotropic distillation-excess feed appears in the top product stream

Type inside the column

Tray tower-use various designs of trays to contain liquids, so as to make better contact between vapor and liquid, so as to achieve better separation

Packed column-use "packed" instead of trays to enhance the contact between vapor and liquid

The main composition of the distillation tower

The distillation tower consists of several components, each of which can be used to transfer heat or enhance the transfer of materials.

A typical distillation contains several main components:

Vertical housing for separating liquid components

Internal components of the chromatographic column, such as trays/trays and/or packings, to enhance component separation

Reboiler to provide necessary vaporization for the distillation process

The condenser cools and condenses the vapor leaving the top of the tower

The reflux drum is used to retain the condensed vapor from the top of the tower so that the liquid (reflux) can be recycled back to the tower

The vertical shell contains the inside of the tower and forms the distillation tower together with the condenser and the reboiler. Typical basic operations and terminology for a single feed and two product streams

The liquid mixture to be treated is called the feed, and it is usually introduced into a tray called the feed tray at a certain position near the middle of the column. The feed tray divides the column into a top (concentration or rectification) part and a bottom (stripping) part. The feed flows down the tower and is collected at the bottom of the reboiler.

Heat is provided to the reboiler to generate steam. The input heat source can be any suitable fluid, although in most chemical plants it is usually steam. In a refinery, the heating source can be the output stream of other towers. The steam produced in the reboiler is reintroduced into the device at the bottom of the tower. The liquid removed from the reboiler is called the bottom product or simply the bottom.

The vapor moves up the chromatographic column and is cooled by the condenser as it leaves the top of the device. The condensed liquid is stored in a storage container called a reflux drum. Some of these liquids are recycled back to the top of the tower, which is called reflux. The condensate removed from the system is called distillate or overhead product.

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